Bazaar and the cathedral pdf

Certainly not I. By the time Linux swam onto my radar screen in early , I had already been involved in Unix and open-source development for ten years. I was one of the first GNU contributors in the mids. I had released a good deal of open-source software onto the net, developing or co-developing several programs nethack, Emacs's VC and GUD modes, xlife, and others that are still in wide use today.

I thought I knew how it was done. Linux overturned much of what I thought I knew. I had been preaching the Unix gospel of small tools, rapid prototyping and evolutionary programming for years. But I also believed there was a certain critical complexity above which a more centralized, a priori approach was required. I believed that the most important software operating systems and really large tools like the Emacs programming editor needed to be built like cathedrals, carefully crafted by individual wizards or small bands of mages working in splendid isolation, with no beta to be released before its time.

Linus Torvalds's style of development—release early and often, delegate everything you can, be open to the point of promiscuity—came as a surprise. No quiet, reverent cathedral-building here—rather, the Linux community seemed to resemble a great babbling bazaar of differing agendas and approaches aptly symbolized by the Linux archive sites, who'd take submissions from anyone out of which a coherent and stable system could seemingly emerge only by a succession of miracles.

Sometimes the latter is better. One last Rule, relevant to security. Users had asked for encryption of the email password, which had to be kept in a plaintext file.

Raymond refused, on the theory that, as fetchmail itself would have to have access to the decryption key, this wasn't really secure. A security system is only as secure as its secret. Beware of pseudo-secrets. One of Raymond's final comments is that the bazaar style only works for incremental improvement.

Not for initial development, and probably not for major redesign. Another is to acknowledge the fundamental role played by the Internet. Without Internet communication and the early GNU projects did not have Internet access , arguably the bazaar style cannot exist.

While Raymond attributes the success of the bazaar style to Torvalds himself, perhaps the real credit should go to the Internet.

One common response among Linux developers and users is "Yay Linux! We're doing it Right! Another was that Wikipedia is fundamentally a bazaar approach to documentation. People at Netscape found the Bazaar approach very persuasive, and claimed this was why they decided to open-source their code as the foundation of the Mozilla project. One negative response was by Nikolai Bezroukov, now revised version at firstmonday. Bezroukov took issue with these points of Raymond's:.

For the first, Bezhroukov argues that Linux isn't really escaping Brooks' law; perhaps OS kernels really are a collection of parallel small problems.

Major Linux changes, such as a new process scheduler, did indeed take a lot of communication and architecture. Bezroukov is most incensed with the second point above. Debugging is hard. The many security bugs out there can be taken as evidence of that; lots of eyes don't necessarily find them. In Bezhroukov's first version, he wrote that Raymond "promoted an overoptimistic and simplistic view of open source, as a variant of socialist or, to be more exact, vulgar Marxist interpretation of software development".

That seems a bit much. The second and final version of Bezhroukov's essay leaves out these political remarks; it is at firstmonday. More criticism comes from the current fetchmail team. Raymond was out of the picture by , and they wrote in fetchmail. This document is supposed to complement Eric S. Raymond's ESR's design notes. The new maintainers don't agree with some of the decisions ESR made previously, and the differences and new directions will be laid out in this document.

It is therefore a sort of a TODO document, until the necessary code revisions have been made. Short answer: … well, the short answer is mostly unprintable. The long answer is … well, long:. I do not like some of the design choices which were made with fetchmail.

In addition, most people find getmail easier to configure and use than fetchmail. Perhaps most importantly, getmail goes to great lengths to ensure that mail is never lost, while fetchmail in its default configuration frequently loses mail, causes mail loops, bounces legitimate messages, and causes many other problems.

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